Syllables and stress¶

ruts.syllables

Description¶

A module that divides a Russian word into syllables and finds its stressed syllable: syllables by rules, the stress by the StressDict dictionary. The basic, phonetic and verse statistics and the readability formulas are built on these functions.

Syllabification¶

ruts.syllables.syllabify()

Division of a word into syllables by the rising sonority rule (Avanesov): there are as many syllables as vowels, a word without vowels (в, к, с) has none. The syllable boundary follows these rules:

Rule	Example
a single consonant between vowels goes to the next syllable	ко-ро-ва, ра-йон
a cluster of obstruents, or an obstruent followed by a sonorant, goes to the next syllable	ко-шка, се-стра, о-ткрыть, по-зна-ко-мить
a sonorant before an obstruent goes to the previous syllable	кар-та, пол-ка
the boundary goes between two sonorants	вол-на, кар-ман
й before a consonant goes to the previous syllable	май-ка, вой-на
ь and ъ go with the preceding letter	боль-шой, по-дъезд
every vowel of a hiatus forms its own syllable	а-э-ро-порт, а-ист

The division is orthographic, by letters, as in school phonetics; a compound word is divided part by part (со-рок-во-ро-вка).

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`word`	str	`-`	Word

Example

from ruts.syllables import syllabify

syllabify("здравствуйте")
# ['здра', 'вствуй', 'те']

Syllable count¶

ruts.syllables.count_syllables()

The number of syllables of a word - the number of vowel letters.

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`word`	str	`-`	Word

Example

from ruts.syllables import count_syllables

count_syllables("здравствуйте")
# 3

Stressed syllable¶

ruts.syllables.word_stress()

The number of the stressed syllable of a word, counting from zero: by the letter ё, the only syllable of a monosyllable, otherwise by the dictionary (step 1 of the algorithm of the verse statistics).

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`word`	str	`-`	Word
`stress_dict`	StressDict	`None`	Stress dictionary; `StressDict()` if not given

Returns None if the word is not found or has no vowels.

Example

from ruts.syllables import syllabify, word_stress

word_stress("корова"), word_stress("ещё"), word_stress("желанье"), word_stress("кто-нибудь")
# (1, 1, 1, 0)
word_stress("хмурота")
# None
syllabify("корова")[word_stress("корова")]
# 'ро'

All stresses¶

ruts.syllables.word_stresses()

All stressed syllables of a word in ascending order. A hyphenated compound that the dictionary lacks as a whole gets the stress of every content part (со-рок-во-ро-вка - 0 and 3), the particles (-то, -либо, -нибудь and others) are unstressed.

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`word`	str	`-`	Word
`stress_dict`	StressDict	`None`	Stress dictionary; `StressDict()` if not given

Returns an empty list if the word is not found or has no vowels.

Example

from ruts.syllables import word_stresses

word_stresses("сорок-воровка"), word_stresses("северо-западный"), word_stresses("кто-нибудь")
# ([0, 3], [3], [0])

Ending type¶

ruts.syllables.stress_type()

The type of the ending of a word by the position of its main stress. The names are those of verse clausulas (VERSE_CLAUSULAS):

Type	Stress	Example
мужская (masculine)	on the last syllable	зем-ля
женская (feminine)	on the penultimate syllable	ко-ро-ва
дактилическая (dactylic)	on the third syllable from the end	зо-ло-то
гипердактилическая (hyperdactylic)	earlier	вы-ско-чи-вший

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`word`	str	`-`	Word
`stress_dict`	StressDict	`None`	Stress dictionary; `StressDict()` if not given

Returns None if the word is not found or has no vowels.

Example

from ruts.syllables import stress_type

tuple(stress_type(word) for word in ("земля", "корова", "золото", "выскочивший"))
# ('мужская', 'женская', 'дактилическая', 'гипердактилическая')